I wrote Howayda Awad Ahmed :Terror

 

Terrorism is basically a description of individuals or groups who use force in order to intimidate others in order to achieve purely private goals and gains.

News of international terrorism has become part of the daily life of people in our contemporary world. The problem is no longer a phenomenon confined to a specific region. Rather, it is an international problem in every sense of the word. Its seriousness is focused on its occupation of an important role in the political conflict. It has become one of the effective means that one of the parties resorts to. In the struggle to achieve its goals, and in many cases, the way available to some groups to express their positions and publicize their issues

The first terrorist organization known to history was the Sicari organization, which was formed by some extremists from the Jews in Palestine who came to the country at the end of the first century BC, after the Babylonians had dispersed them in 586 BC.

Palestine at that time was part of the Roman Empire, and the goal of the arriving Jews was to rebuild the temple that was called the Second Temple. ..

Over the centuries, mankind has known the terrorist gangs that were used by the nobles in Europe in the Middle Ages from the provinces of the masters, and they formed gangs for revenge, murder, theft and spreading chaos. Groups of piracy threatening sea navigation also roamed the seas and used the English, Spanish and French empires in an undeclared war in the seas and oceans. Piracy has continued to play a role as close as possible to international terrorism in our time.

Despite everything that has been written about terrorism, maritime piracy represents a single type of international terrorism, especially when it was carried out on behalf of major countries, to the extent that it was announced in the international community that the two countries were a common enemy of humanity. And between the issuance of the Paris Declaration in 1956 - and the Geneva Convention in 1958

Many agreements and treaties were concluded between countries that deal with the issue of terrorist violence on the high seas. On this basis, some scholars view the issue of aircraft hijacking as a modern alternative to air piracy.

However, the comparison between terrorism in ancient or medieval times and current terrorism is far from correct. The current terrorism seems to belong to a completely new type. Terrorism did not appear in a form close to its present form until the second half of the nineteenth century.

In the political arena, a few distinct categories appeared, each representing a different type of political struggle.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the first signs of modern terrorism appeared with the emergence of the Russian Land and Freedom Organization in 1876, but the most important organization was the Nord Naya Volya organization, which was formed in 1891, and the activities of the Armenian organizations against the Turkish occupation in 1890. And the Macedonian national independence movement at the beginning of the twentieth century, which remained Some remains inside Bulgaria and some parts of Yugoslavia until 1930.

As well as the movement for the liberation of the Spanish Basque Country, which began before the First World War and is still continuing until now

The assassination of Prince Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria, perpetrated by a Serbian terrorist group, was the direct cause of the First World War. The assassination of King Alexander, King of Yugoslavia, and Monsieur Bravor, France's Foreign Minister in Marseille in 1934, was one of the most important terrorist operations that were implicated in four results. At least countries, and the League of Nations intervened, laying the first building blocks for international cooperation in order to combat terrorism.

The confirmed fact is that the Second World War was a turning point and a deep dividing line between two histories of terrorism. Because that war changed the form of life on earth. It resulted in radical changes in sciences and arts, and practical revolutions in all fields that changed the patterns of life and forms of political relations at the local and international levels.

Therefore, the world witnessed in the sixties an unprecedented movement in history for national liberation. The colonial empires in their old form were removed and the balance of power in the world changed, as did the rhythm of life and the form of social and economic relations, and people lived for the first time in history under the shadow of nuclear terror that threatens the planet over and over again

To this day, nuclear terror is still the greatest terror of the earth's destruction and the greatest terror.

As a result, political conflict has new forms, rules, and laws that were not known before. The role of political terrorism has increased and has become a completely different phenomenon from that terrorist phenomenon known to humanity before 1950.

Where this rapid change extended to the hearts of the youth. The global youth movement appeared in France 1968. In the form of a revolution with incomprehensible reasons, its contagion spread in a mental agreement to the most powerful countries of the world.

In the end, terrorism is adapted to take its current form as one of the methods of political struggle and as an alternative to conventional wars.

Examples of terrorism include acts of sabotage, blasting or bombing, destroying buildings and facilities, etc., or attempted murder or actual killing, if we exclude gainful assassinations. That is, those that take place with the aim of obtaining money can be committed in the first model.

Either in a spirit of revenge for what the property represents, or from the owners of the property, or who represents them, either by a spontaneous and individual reaction, or both. The attack on Max and Spencer stores in London occurred because their owners are Zionist Jews who finance the Zionist movements and the State of Israel, which is in a permanent state of war with The Palestinians are the legitimate owners of the land.

On the other hand, this model of assassination can constitute terrorist acts, so that their goals are to threaten their owners - who are often in power - and deter them from pursuing their projects and political approval, for example, the bombing of the Tsarist Winter Palace in Russia in 1880.

At the hands of a terrorist organization - Narodnaya Volya -

Or the other similar incident that happened to him in Paris, the house of the French public prosecutor, Bono, at the hands of the anarchist terrorist, Rafa Schul in 1892, where

The Public Prosecutor has sentenced two of Rafa Scholl's friends to hard labor after they clashed with police in a gunfight as they returned from a chaotic demonstration in Paris.

The assassination of people can reflect a political face or take place for a clear political reason without being an act of terrorism

Although assassination is one of the means used by terrorism, it includes some characteristics that prevent it from automatically merging with the phenomenon of political terrorism. They are two phenomena that share some similar faces. Old politics.

This method became more common in the second half of the nineteenth century when the ideas of anarchism and nihilism spread, two political movements that recognized the rich.

A number of European, American and Asian heads of state went to his death.

There is a confusion between terrorism and organized crime. Organized crime is based on prostitution, drug and heroin smuggling and other things. It is intended to achieve financial profits and not change the political management of the state or the social system of a society. We devalue terrorism if we make it equal to some forms of organized crime, while we embody its form if we make it equal to terrorism. The state .

Because state terrorism is much bigger and its problem is more complex than just terrorism

State terrorism is what a country carries out with terrorist operations through agents such as the Israeli Mossad, which forms a group that publicly kidnaps or assassinates some people abroad. This is a type of violence and conflict through the state, but what it practices

Israel. Against the Palestinians is a type of tyranny and dictatorship, and it is the worst of times than terrorism and state terrorism are two types..

The first is against its subjects.. and the second is against opponents who are quarreling with the right of sovereignty over the homeland, the land and the national territory - which is practiced by Israel against Palestine, the people of southern Lebanon and the Syrian Golan Terrorism changed with the change of time and the passage of time, so the martyrdom of President Anwar El-Sadat, President of the Arab Republic of Egypt at the hands of the Muslim Brotherhood, then the terrorist group carried out operations in Egypt and abroad to destabilize security. Certain countries in order to break up countries and achieve long-term goals

Terrorism spread in new ways, such as media, spreading perversions, prostitution, electronic obsession, compound drugs, spreading ideas of extremism and atheism, breaking out of the norm, and fragmenting countries from within without weapons, without an existing war, and without a declared war.

The new terrorism is an organized intellectual terrorism that poses a grave danger to the entire globe