Political backwardness.. Written by Howayda Awad Ahmed

 Political backwardness is the weakness of the political system's capabilities to mobilize its individuals and institutions to a degree sufficient to achieve its supreme goals.  This is in addition to building a new array of political values ​​that push its components to acquire the directions of its construction and engage in participatory behavior ....

 Political backwardness is based on the lack of primary capabilities of the political system, including communication, intermediary bodies and informal organizations, this is in addition to the economic resources needed to complete these capabilities.

 There is no doubt that this lack of capabilities limits the ability and desire to build individuals or institutions or mobilize what exists thereof in order to achieve higher political goals.

 In addition to the fact that the state of political backwardness includes a result of all these factors ... is the lack of clarity of the higher goals of the political community, whether in the short term or the long future.

 Thus, a politically backward society is characterized by a lack of capacity for the possibility of Orientalizing the future prospects because it has not yet been able to determine the scope and scope of its political movement in the present.

 It is no secret to everyone that economic underdevelopment is steadily producing political backwardness

 Here are some of its obvious appearances.

 First .

 Functional mixing ... where there are many diverse bodies such as legislative councils, executive bodies, judicial institutions, political parties, trade unions and pressure groups with all the specialized roles of individuals involved in these bodies, and the backward pattern is characterized by the lack of devices 'and the centralization of power' and its practice through one device and the absence of specialization when it is  Second, the decision maker is the legislator, the judge, the enforcer, the high priest ...

 The divergence between the rulers and the ruled ... One of the features of the backward political system is the wide disparity between those who hold political control and those who obey orders.  It does not define everyone’s participation in politics and not limiting it to a few, so that individuals become citizens without citizens

 Third.....

 Appointment to positions and positions in the advanced pattern is based on eligibility for competence, ability and qualification. As for the backward pattern, it depends on kinship, wealth or prestige.

 Fourthly...

 Psychological irrational and irrational.  The political behavior of the members of the backward political group is characterized by the predominance of emotion and the doctrinal and ideological considerations' based on belief in certain things and not the conviction of what can be proven rational, logical and optional. This is at a time when individuals follow in their behavior in the advanced pattern the rules of analysis and sample testing

 Fifth.

 The state assumes an important ideological role by formulating political doctrines, promoting and calling for them to integrate the ancient heritage with modern values ​​that inspire effectiveness and productivity in order to mobilize the masses for development and the state and the state is called upon to play a major role in national construction and establishing the central state

 Bypassing the narrow circle of the political community on the basis of kinship, family, or tribe in the pattern of political backwardness