human rights
I wrote
Howayda Awad Ahmed
International protection for human rights first appeared in order to protect a group or a minority of people. Fearing that a state would treat that group or minority in a way that contradicts the principles of recognized freedoms, in civilized countries, the first form of that protection was protection, then the matter evolved into the protection of rights Civic and politics of minorities.
Then the major powers moved from the principle of protecting minorities to the international protection of the basic rights of the individual.
The right to personal identity Several treaties stipulated the abolition of the slave trade before World War I.
The flaw in the principle of protecting minorities, which was decided after the First World War, is that the motive for it was political, not human, and that it was limited to the defeated countries, or Expanded or new
It did not extend to the rest of the members of the association, and it was limited to minorities and did not extend to the rest of the citizens.
The Second World War demonstrated the failure of the minority protection system. On the one hand, the German minority in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were in the hands of foreign politicians to realize the expansionist dreams of Nazi Germany.
Which led Europe directly to the Second World War. On the other hand, the cases of statelessness that occurred after the First World War, and in cases related to human rights, did not find a solution in the minority protection system. On the third hand, the incidents of persecution and torture that occurred during the Second World War were proven.
The protection of human rights should not be left to the protection of states, but should be placed under international protection, and then a new thinking emerged in the international environment, according to which the rights of the individual follow from his membership in the international community, not from his position as a citizen, and therefore he is a rights holder and committed to duties and responsibilities towards his brothers outside the borders of the country to which he belongs, and this thinking found an echo in the statements and declarations that preceded the birth of the United Nations, as the Charter of the United Nations expressed this new thinking, stipulating in many of its texts the international cooperation to respect and observe human rights and fundamental freedoms. Human rights are indispensable for international peace and security. In addition to the above,
The United Nations has prepared a convention to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination and the genocide convention.
In addition, measures taken to take care of motherhood and childhood.
The human rights system, with its historical sources, philosophy and politics, is an expression of the historical development of the Western experience in the modern era. It is an expression of the conditions of the political and social rights of the European individual, which are embodied in the constitutional and legal systems and in the socio-political reality in these societies.
However, it was based on a philosophical, political and legal development represented in the separation between the visible and the invisible and the secular idea, and on the crystallization of margins between the individual and authority and between authority and society, the individual and the group, and the Western experience was based on a structurally crystallized civil society, and on the vitality of its institutions and individuals, and some of them go to say that philosophy On which the components of the human rights system are based, it is an expression of the Western human being. An analytical look at the components of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two international covenants reveals the philosophical essence of the concept of human rights and rights.
This concept is based on recognizing the inherent dignity of all members of the human family and their equal and inalienable rights, according to the preamble to the Declaration. The first article of the Declaration defines the philosophical basis: the birth of people free and equal.
In dignity and rights, they are endowed with reason and conscience, and they must treat each other in a spirit of brotherhood. Linked to this foundation is the principle: that every human being has the right to enjoy all rights and freedoms without discrimination based on race, colour, sex, language, religion, political opinion or any other opinion, without discrimination. between men and women
The two international covenants on economic and social rights, culture and civil and political rights were based on the same philosophical foundation, which is the human being within the framework of liberal philosophy with its basic sources and individual doctrine.
As for the Asian group, it was embodied in the Bangkok Declaration - April 1993, where the declaration went on to say that we must bear in mind the importance of national and regional characteristics as well as the many historical, cultural and religious backgrounds. September 1992 and the lead author of the memorandum elaborated by India and founded on the idea of privacy in the Bangkok Declaration, that the principle of universality - despite its mention in the document - is considered secondary to local and regional characteristics and to the sacred principle of non-interference. During the preparatory work, several attempts were made to make the idea of Relative global.
Iran has submitted a proposal that falls within the framework of this endeavor, and some view the human rights system as a tool for dismantling and subjugating non-Arab cultures.
And an attempt to create chaos in the communities of the south.
And that these non-Western cultures, It is based on other concepts, worldviews, religions, and cultural patterns, which may not be consistent with the Western pattern.
And this imperial attempt to make the world on the example of the West represents a tendency to liquidate the sources of cultural richness in the whole world.
And that all of this is part of the use of human rights concepts by the foreign policy of the United States of America during the era of Carter and in the era of Bill Clinton and the generation after World War II, especially the attempt to link foreign aid to the conditional application of human rights.
As for countries with an Islamic culture, whose systems raise the issue of privacy and disagreement about the human rights system
On the other hand, there are non-governmental forces linking this system with the wounds of the relationship with the West and rejecting some of the components of this system based on identity, despite the fact that some of them present the transgressions of their authorities towards them at the highest levels.
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